# auditory-transduction-lecture-excerpt

Source file: `auditory-transduction-lecture-excerpt.pdf`
Processing profile: `Balanced`
Document mode: `Hybrid`
OCR language requested: `automatic` `[]`
OCR language effective: `automatic` `[]`
Page routing: `5 text-layer-plus-image-OCR page(s), 3 OCR page(s)`
Audit sidecars: `Also writes `stem.audit.json` for page routing and future audit.`
Pages: `8`
Generated: `2026-05-08T21:44:38Z`

---

### Page 1

> OCR note: diagram or chart labels were extracted. Spatial relationships were not reconstructed.

Cortex cerebellum

Reticular formation

Extra-pyramidal system

Cortical awareness o

Eye

head/body/motion

orange = distance sound wave travels in time t

Integrating/

blue = distance sound wave travels in time (t+x)

data storage system

Figure labels:

- Eye movement/
- Joint position control of oculomotor
- Proprioception activity
- Superficial sensation
- Labyrinthine activity
- Control of posture
- Control of motor skills

### Page 2

> OCR note: diagram or chart labels were extracted. Spatial relationships were not reconstructed.
> OCR note: low-confidence OCR text detected. Check spelling, missing characters, and truncated labels against the original slide.

AUDIOGRAM

125 250 1000 2000 3000 4000 6000 8000

Left Ear X Right Ear

Normal Hearing

80 Hearing Level in Decibels (dB)

Mild Hearing Loss

Moderate Hearing Loss

Severe Hearing Loss

Profound Hearing Loss

125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000

Frequency in Hertz (Hz)

### Page 3

> OCR note: diagram or chart labels were extracted. Spatial relationships were not reconstructed.

SOUNDS PRODUCED BY MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS OR THE HUMAN VOICE CONSIST OF MANY
TONES
OUR HEARING SYSTEM PERFORMS A FREQUENCY ANALYSIS
OUR BRAIN PERFORMS A SYNTHESIS
THE FUNDAMENTAL HARMONIC THE LOWEST FREQUENCY OF A PERIODIC WAVEFORM

#### Image OCR

Various harmonics
- Synthesized wave

### Page 4

> OCR note: diagram or chart labels were extracted. Spatial relationships were not reconstructed.
> OCR note: low-confidence OCR text detected. Check spelling, missing characters, and truncated labels against the original slide.

OUTER EAR
THE PART MOST VISIBLE IS THE PINNA
IT FUNNELS SOUND WAVES INTO THE EXTERNAL AUDITORY CANAL
THE OUTER EAR STRUCTURES MUST
FOCUS SOUND WAVES ON THE TYMPANIC MEMBRANE
SOUND CAUSES THE TYMPANIC MEMBRANE TO VIBRATE LIKE A DRUM

#### Image OCR

Vibrations are
vibrates in response
amplified across
areas of high and low pressure.
Wavelength
measured in Hz (cycles
per second)
vibrates in response amplified across

### Page 5

> OCR note: diagram or chart labels were extracted. Spatial relationships were not reconstructed.
> OCR note: low-confidence OCR text detected. Check spelling, missing characters, and truncated labels against the original slide.

MIDDLE EAR
THE EUSTACHIAN TUBE
CONNECTS THE MIDDLE EAR TO THE NASOPHARYNX
TO EQUALIZE THE AIR PRESSURE ON OPPOSITE SIDES OF THE TYMPANIC MEMBRANE
(SWALLOWING)

#### Image OCR

Bony portion
inner ear
Cartilaginous
portion
nasal passage
Mastoiditis usually
arises in the pas-
Bony-cartilaginous
middle and inner sages of the
junction (isthmus)
ear, nose, and throat.
throat
passage

### Page 6

> OCR note: low-confidence OCR text detected. Check spelling, missing characters, and truncated labels against the original slide.

INWARD MOVEMENT OF B OUTWARD MOVEMENT

TYMPANIC MEMBRANE OF TYMPANIC MEMBRANE

External Middle ear

ineus

ear canal

Malleus

Stapes

Oval window

,Scala

vestibuli PULL

tympani

Tympanic

Round window

membrane Eustachian membrane

pushed by the tube

pulled by the

compression

rarefaction

pnase or a

sound wave

### Page 7

> OCR note: diagram or chart labels were extracted. Spatial relationships were not reconstructed.
> OCR note: low-confidence OCR text detected. Check spelling, missing characters, and truncated labels against the original slide.

➢ THE SCALA VESTIBULI
❖ REISSNER’S MEMBRANE
SEPARATES THE SCALA VESTIBULI
FROM THE MIDDLE COMPARTMENT
➢ THE SCALA MEDIA
❖ THE BASILAR MEMBRANE
SEPARATES THE SCALA MEDIA FROM
➢ THE SCALA TYMPANI

#### Image OCR

stria vascularis
cochlear
duct
tectorial
spiral
limbus
nerve
organ of Corti
©1997 Encyolopaedia Britannica, Ine. cochlear
ligament
91997 Encyclopaedia Britannica, Ine.

### Page 8

> OCR note: diagram or chart labels were extracted. Spatial relationships were not reconstructed.

TRAVELING
PRESSURE WAVES
SCALA VESTIBULI PRESSURE INCREASE
PRESSURE WAVES DISPLACE THE REISSNER’S AND THE BASILAR MEMBRANE

#### Image OCR

Malleus Incus
Stapes vibrating Helicotrema
Cochlea
in oval window
Sound waves
Perilymph
tympani
External auditory
canal
Spiral organ
(organ of Corti)
Tectorial membrane
Vestibular membrane
Cochlear duct
Tympanic
(contains endolymph)
Secondary tympanic
membrane vibrating
in round window
Middle ear Auditory tube
Middle ear
Auditory tube