auditory-transduction-lecture-excerpt

Page 1

Route: ocr

OCR boxes: 22

Probable label groups: 4

Chart/diagram semantic candidates: 0

OCR note: diagram or chart labels were extracted. Spatial relationships were not reconstructed.

Probable label groups

Group 1, medium confidence
Cortex cerebellum | Reticular formation | Extra-pyramidal system
Group 2, medium confidence
Eye | Joint position | Proprioception | Superficial sensation | Integrating/ | data storage | system | Cortical awareness o | head/body/motion | Eye movement/ | control of oculomotor | activity
Group 3, medium confidence
= distance sound wave travels in time (t+x) | blue
Group 4, medium confidence
Labyrinthine activity | Control of | motor skills | Control of posture

OCR confidence overlay

Cortex cerebellum

Reticular formation

Extra-pyramidal system

Cortical awareness o

Eye

head/body/motion

orange = distance sound wave travels in time t

Integrating/

blue = distance sound wave travels in time (t+x)

data storage system

Figure labels:

- Eye movement/
- Joint position control of oculomotor
- Proprioception activity
- Superficial sensation
- Labyrinthine activity
- Control of posture
- Control of motor skills

Page 2

Route: ocr

OCR boxes: 44

Probable label groups: 1

Chart/diagram semantic candidates: 3

OCR note: diagram or chart labels were extracted. Spatial relationships were not reconstructed.

OCR note: low-confidence OCR text detected. Check spelling, missing characters, and truncated labels against the original slide.

Probable label groups

Group 1, medium confidence
250 | 125 | 10 | 60 | 70 | 80 | 90 | 100 | [Hz] | 3000 | 1000 2000 | 8000 | 6000 | 4000 | AUDIOGRAM | Left Ear X | -10 | Normal Hearing | 10 | 20 | Mild Hearing Loss | 30 | 40 | 50 | Moderate Hearing Loss | 60 | 70 | Severe Hearing Loss | 80 | 90 | Profound Hearing Loss | 100 | 110 | 120 | Right Ear | 125 | 500 | 250 | 1000 | Frequency in Hertz (Hz) | 4000 | 2000 | 8000

Chart/diagram semantic candidates

Probable vertical chart axis tick labels, medium confidence
-10 | 10 | 20 | 30 | 40 | 50 | 60 | 70 | 80 | 90 | 100 | 110 | 120
orientation=vertical ; tickLabelCount=13 ; averageOCRConfidence=0.923
Probable horizontal chart axis tick labels, medium confidence
120 | 125 | 250 | 500 | 1000 | 2000 | 4000 | 8000
orientation=horizontal ; tickLabelCount=8 ; averageOCRConfidence=0.938
Probable chart label cloud, medium confidence
250 | 125 | 10 | 60 | 70 | 80 | 90 | 100 | [Hz] | 3000 | 1000 2000 | 8000 | 6000 | 4000 | AUDIOGRAM | Left Ear X | -10 | Normal Hearing | 10 | 20 | Mild Hearing Loss | 30 | 40 | 50 | Moderate Hearing Loss | 60 | 70 | Severe Hearing Loss | 80 | 90 | Profound Hearing Loss | 100 | 110 | 120 | Right Ear | 125 | 500 | 250 | 1000 | Frequency in Hertz (Hz) | 4000 | 2000 | 8000
sourceLabelGroup=1 ; labelCount=43 ; numericLabelCount=33 ; chartTermCount=9

OCR confidence overlay

AUDIOGRAM

125 250 1000 2000 3000 4000 6000 8000

Left Ear X Right Ear

Normal Hearing

80 Hearing Level in Decibels (dB)

Mild Hearing Loss

Moderate Hearing Loss

Severe Hearing Loss

Profound Hearing Loss

125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000

Frequency in Hertz (Hz)

Page 3

Route: text-layer-plus-image-ocr

OCR boxes: 10

Probable label groups: 2

Chart/diagram semantic candidates: 0

OCR note: diagram or chart labels were extracted. Spatial relationships were not reconstructed.

Probable label groups

Group 1, medium confidence
OUR HEARING SYSTEM PER | OUR BRAIN PERFORMS A SYNTHESIS | OUR BRAIN PER
Group 2, medium confidence
- Fundamental | Various harmonics | - Synthesized wave

OCR confidence overlay

SOUNDS PRODUCED BY MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS OR THE HUMAN VOICE CONSIST OF MANY
TONES
OUR HEARING SYSTEM PERFORMS A FREQUENCY ANALYSIS
OUR BRAIN PERFORMS A SYNTHESIS
THE FUNDAMENTAL HARMONIC THE LOWEST FREQUENCY OF A PERIODIC WAVEFORM

#### Image OCR

Various harmonics
- Synthesized wave

Page 4

Route: text-layer-plus-image-ocr

OCR boxes: 33

Probable label groups: 2

Chart/diagram semantic candidates: 2

OCR note: diagram or chart labels were extracted. Spatial relationships were not reconstructed.

OCR note: low-confidence OCR text detected. Check spelling, missing characters, and truncated labels against the original slide.

Probable label groups

Group 1, medium confidence
Tympanic membrane | vibrates in response | Tympanic membrane | vibrates in response | Vibrations are | amplified across | Vibrations are | amplified across
Group 2, medium confidence
Sound wave represents alternating | • Sound wave represents alternating | Wavelength | Wavelength | Frequency of sound wave | measured in Hz (cycles | Frequency of sound wave | per second) | measured in Hz (cycles | per second) | THE OUTER EAR STRUCTURES MUST

Chart/diagram semantic candidates

Repeated diagram label text detected, medium confidence
Tympanic membrane | vibrates in response | Tympanic membrane | vibrates in response | Vibrations are | amplified across | Vibrations are | amplified across
sourceLabelGroup=1 ; labelCount=8 ; uniqueLabelCount=4
Probable chart label cloud, medium confidence
Sound wave represents alternating | • Sound wave represents alternating | Wavelength | Wavelength | Frequency of sound wave | measured in Hz (cycles | Frequency of sound wave | per second) | measured in Hz (cycles | per second) | THE OUTER EAR STRUCTURES MUST
sourceLabelGroup=2 ; labelCount=11 ; numericLabelCount=0 ; chartTermCount=2

OCR confidence overlay

OUTER EAR
THE PART MOST VISIBLE IS THE PINNA
IT FUNNELS SOUND WAVES INTO THE EXTERNAL AUDITORY CANAL
THE OUTER EAR STRUCTURES MUST
FOCUS SOUND WAVES ON THE TYMPANIC MEMBRANE
SOUND CAUSES THE TYMPANIC MEMBRANE TO VIBRATE LIKE A DRUM

#### Image OCR

Vibrations are
vibrates in response
amplified across
areas of high and low pressure.
Wavelength
measured in Hz (cycles
per second)
vibrates in response amplified across

Page 5

Route: text-layer-plus-image-ocr

OCR boxes: 36

Probable label groups: 3

Chart/diagram semantic candidates: 1

OCR note: diagram or chart labels were extracted. Spatial relationships were not reconstructed.

OCR note: low-confidence OCR text detected. Check spelling, missing characters, and truncated labels against the original slide.

Probable label groups

Group 1, medium confidence
THE EUSTACHIAN TUBE | MIDDLE EAR
Group 2, medium confidence
TO EQUALIZE THE AIR PRESSURE | Middle | CONNECTS THE N | ear | ICA | Bony-cartilaginous | junction (isthmus) | Middle | Eustachian | ear | Bony portion | Cartilaginous | Nasopharynx | tube | THI | portion | (SWALLOWING) | AR | AN TUBE | ГO THE NASOPHARYNX | inner ear | nasal passage | Mastoiditis usually | arises in the pas- | sages of the | middle and inner | ear, nose, and
Group 3, medium confidence
throat | passage

Chart/diagram semantic candidates

Repeated diagram label text detected, medium confidence
TO EQUALIZE THE AIR PRESSURE | Middle | CONNECTS THE N | ear | ICA | Bony-cartilaginous | junction (isthmus) | Middle | Eustachian | ear | Bony portion | Cartilaginous | Nasopharynx | tube | THI | portion | (SWALLOWING) | AR | AN TUBE | ГO THE NASOPHARYNX | inner ear | nasal passage | Mastoiditis usually | arises in the pas- | sages of the | middle and inner | ear, nose, and
sourceLabelGroup=2 ; labelCount=27 ; uniqueLabelCount=25

OCR confidence overlay

MIDDLE EAR
THE EUSTACHIAN TUBE
CONNECTS THE MIDDLE EAR TO THE NASOPHARYNX
TO EQUALIZE THE AIR PRESSURE ON OPPOSITE SIDES OF THE TYMPANIC MEMBRANE
(SWALLOWING)

#### Image OCR

Bony portion
inner ear
Cartilaginous
portion
nasal passage
Mastoiditis usually
arises in the pas-
Bony-cartilaginous
middle and inner sages of the
junction (isthmus)
ear, nose, and throat.
throat
passage

Page 6

Route: ocr

OCR boxes: 30

Probable label groups: 0

Chart/diagram semantic candidates: 0

OCR note: low-confidence OCR text detected. Check spelling, missing characters, and truncated labels against the original slide.

OCR confidence overlay

INWARD MOVEMENT OF B OUTWARD MOVEMENT

TYMPANIC MEMBRANE OF TYMPANIC MEMBRANE

External Middle ear

ineus

ear canal

Malleus

Stapes

Oval window

,Scala

vestibuli PULL

tympani

Tympanic

Round window

membrane Eustachian membrane

pushed by the tube

pulled by the

compression

rarefaction

pnase or a

sound wave

Page 7

Route: text-layer-plus-image-ocr

OCR boxes: 41

Probable label groups: 6

Chart/diagram semantic candidates: 3

OCR note: diagram or chart labels were extracted. Spatial relationships were not reconstructed.

OCR note: low-confidence OCR text detected. Check spelling, missing characters, and truncated labels against the original slide.

Probable label groups

Group 1, medium confidence
cochlear | duct | stria vascularis | Reissner's membrane | scala vestibuli
Group 2, medium confidence
tectorial | membrane | spiral | limbus | tectorial | membrane | spiral | cochlear | limbus | nerve
Group 3, medium confidence
> THE SCALA VESTIBULI | SEPARATES THE SCALA VESTIBULI | FROM THE MIDDLE COMPARTMENT | > THE SCALA MEDIA | REISSNER'S MEMBRANE | THE BASILAR MEMBRANE | cochlear | duct | basilar | membrane | spiral | ligament | basilar | membrane | organ of Corti
Group 4, medium confidence
spiral | ligament
Group 5, medium confidence
cochlear | scala tympani | nerve | scala tympani
Group 6, medium confidence
SEPARATES THE SCALA MEDIA FROM | > THE SCALA TYMPANI

Chart/diagram semantic candidates

Repeated diagram label text detected, medium confidence
tectorial | membrane | spiral | limbus | tectorial | membrane | spiral | cochlear | limbus | nerve
sourceLabelGroup=2 ; labelCount=10 ; uniqueLabelCount=6
Repeated diagram label text detected, medium confidence
> THE SCALA VESTIBULI | SEPARATES THE SCALA VESTIBULI | FROM THE MIDDLE COMPARTMENT | > THE SCALA MEDIA | REISSNER'S MEMBRANE | THE BASILAR MEMBRANE | cochlear | duct | basilar | membrane | spiral | ligament | basilar | membrane | organ of Corti
sourceLabelGroup=3 ; labelCount=15 ; uniqueLabelCount=13
Repeated diagram label text detected, medium confidence
cochlear | scala tympani | nerve | scala tympani
sourceLabelGroup=5 ; labelCount=4 ; uniqueLabelCount=3

OCR confidence overlay

➢ THE SCALA VESTIBULI
❖ REISSNER’S MEMBRANE
SEPARATES THE SCALA VESTIBULI
FROM THE MIDDLE COMPARTMENT
➢ THE SCALA MEDIA
❖ THE BASILAR MEMBRANE
SEPARATES THE SCALA MEDIA FROM
➢ THE SCALA TYMPANI

#### Image OCR

stria vascularis
cochlear
duct
tectorial
spiral
limbus
nerve
organ of Corti
©1997 Encyolopaedia Britannica, Ine. cochlear
ligament
91997 Encyclopaedia Britannica, Ine.

Page 8

Route: text-layer-plus-image-ocr

OCR boxes: 49

Probable label groups: 6

Chart/diagram semantic candidates: 2

OCR note: diagram or chart labels were extracted. Spatial relationships were not reconstructed.

Probable label groups

Group 1, medium confidence
canal | Sound waves | Tympanic | membrane | Malleus | Incus | Secondary tympanic | membrane vibrating | in round window | Stapes vibrating | in oval window | Helicotrema | Perilymph | Middle ear | Cochlea | Auditory tube | Spiral organ | (organ of Corti) | Tectorial membrane | Vestibular membrane | Basilar | membrane | Spiral organ | (organ of Corti) | Tectorial membrane | Vestibular membrane
Group 2, medium confidence
TRAVELING | PRESSURE WAVES
Group 3, medium confidence
Cochlear duct | (contains endolymph) | Scala | tympani | Scala | vestibuli
Group 4, medium confidence
External auditory | canal | 'IBULI PRESSURE INCREASE | Tympanic | membrane | Middle ear | Auditory tube
Group 5, medium confidence
Cochlear duct | (contains endolymph)
Group 6, medium confidence
SCALA VESTIBULI PRESSURE INCREASE | Secondary tympanic | membrane vibrating | in round window

Chart/diagram semantic candidates

Repeated diagram label text detected, medium confidence
canal | Sound waves | Tympanic | membrane | Malleus | Incus | Secondary tympanic | membrane vibrating | in round window | Stapes vibrating | in oval window | Helicotrema | Perilymph | Middle ear | Cochlea | Auditory tube | Spiral organ | (organ of Corti) | Tectorial membrane | Vestibular membrane | Basilar | membrane | Spiral organ | (organ of Corti) | Tectorial membrane | Vestibular membrane
sourceLabelGroup=1 ; labelCount=26 ; uniqueLabelCount=21
Repeated diagram label text detected, medium confidence
Cochlear duct | (contains endolymph) | Scala | tympani | Scala | vestibuli
sourceLabelGroup=3 ; labelCount=6 ; uniqueLabelCount=5

OCR confidence overlay

TRAVELING
PRESSURE WAVES
SCALA VESTIBULI PRESSURE INCREASE
PRESSURE WAVES DISPLACE THE REISSNER’S AND THE BASILAR MEMBRANE

#### Image OCR

Malleus Incus
Stapes vibrating Helicotrema
Cochlea
in oval window
Sound waves
Perilymph
tympani
External auditory
canal
Spiral organ
(organ of Corti)
Tectorial membrane
Vestibular membrane
Cochlear duct
Tympanic
(contains endolymph)
Secondary tympanic
membrane vibrating
in round window
Middle ear Auditory tube
Middle ear
Auditory tube